Dark matter 探測神秘的 “暗物質”

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學習要點

有關 “theories（理論）” 的詞匯

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How can dark matter be detected?

文字稿

Look up at the skies and you see stars. But this telescope in the deserts of Chile is able to see the Universe as it really is, filled with a mysterious substance called dark matter. It can’t be seen – but this instrument can detect dark matter by the way it distorts starlight.

仰望夜空，你會看到繁星點點。但這座位於智利沙漠中的望遠鏡能夠看到宇宙的真實面貌，裡面充滿瞭一種神秘的物質，被稱作 “暗物質”。雖然暗物質不可見，但這臺儀器可以通過暗物質扭曲星光的方式來探測到它。

Professor Ofer Lahav, University College London
This is a map of matter in the Universe.

奧弗·拉哈夫教授倫敦大學學院
“這是宇宙物質的地圖。”

And that’s allowed astronomers to produce this map of how it’s spread across the expanse of space.

這得以讓天文學傢們繪制出瞭這張地圖，展現瞭暗物質在無盡的太空中的分佈情況。

Professor Ofer Lahav, University College London
It’s an element of, you know, unveiling mystery – something you couldn’t see before, and suddenly it’s there. And you think – wow!

奧弗·拉哈夫教授倫敦大學學院
“這就好比揭開瞭一個謎團，你以前看不到的東西突然出現在眼前。你會稱奇道絕！”

Pallab Ghosh, AYYBLOG Correspondent
So what is dark matter – and where is it in space? Well, let’s start off with our own sun. It’s one of a hundred billion stars that make up our galaxy – the Milky Way. Which, in turn, is one of countless others throughout the Universe. Dark matter permeates space, with galaxies like tiny gems on a tangled cosmic web.

帕拉佈·戈什 AYYBLOG通訊員
“什麼是暗物質呢？它處於太空中的什麼位置？讓我們從恒星太陽說起。太陽是構成我們銀河系中的千億顆恒星之一。銀河系繼而也是宇宙中無數的星系之一。太空中到處都是暗物質，而星系就像是鑲嵌在錯綜復雜的宇宙網上的一顆顆小寶石。”

The bright areas are where dark matter is most concentrated, and it’s here that galaxies form. But the map is not what astronomers expected – the matter should be slightly more clumped together. Instead, it’s smoother than predicted by Einstein’s theory of general relativity, which helps determine how the matter should have spread out after the Big Bang.

亮處是暗物質最集中的地方，星系就是在這裡形成的。但這張地圖並不如天文學傢所預期的那樣，圖中的物質本應稍微更聚集在一起。相反，它比愛因斯坦的廣義相對論所預期得更平滑，廣義相對論幫助確定瞭物質在大爆炸後應如何分佈。

Dr Niall Jeffrey, Ecole Normale Superieure
If the structures in this map are smoother than we expect them to be, which is what the results seem to hint at, it means that Einstein’s theory is wrong. So you might think that is a bad thing, that maybe ‘oh no physics is broken’, but for a physicist it’s extremely exciting, because it means that we can find out something new about the way the Universe really is.

奈爾·傑弗裡博士巴黎高等師范學院
“如果這張地圖中的結構比我們預期得要平滑，結果似乎也暗示瞭這一點，那就意味著愛因斯坦的理論是錯誤的。你可能認為這是一件壞事，也許會想：哦，物理學會徹底瓦解的，但對一名物理學傢來說，這是極其令人振奮的，因為這意味著我們可以發現一些有關宇宙本質的新認知。”

Building on the work of Einstein, Carlos Frenk was among a group of scientists that developed the current model of cosmology.

卡洛斯·弗倫克的工作建立在愛因斯坦的理論基礎之上，他是其中一位研發瞭當前宇宙學模型的科學傢。

Professor Carlos Frenk, Durham University
Hearing now that there may be something not quite right with the theory is very disconcerting. It’ s very alarming – and in a way frightening to see that maybe my whole life’s work might crumble in front of me. But at the same time, it is immensely exciting.

卡洛斯·弗倫克教授杜倫大學
“現在聽到愛因斯坦的理論可能有不太正確的地方，非常令人不安。這很嚇人，在某種程度上，看到自己畢生的工作可能就要在我面前灰飛煙滅，是很可怕的。但與此同時，這也非常令人興奮。”

Astronomers believe that we are at the start of a new revolution in cosmology that will give us a fuller understanding of how the Universe began – and how it will evolve.

天文學傢相信，我們正處於宇宙學新革命的開端，這將使我們更全面地瞭解宇宙的起源，以及它將如何演變下去。