“None of them are…” 這類句型的用法

內容簡介

一位聽眾想知道 “all of them are not…”、“some of them are not…” 和 “none of them are…” 之間的區別。雖然這三個句型都包含否定詞 “not” 或 “none”，但它們當中有的是全部否定，有的是部分否定。本期節目以 “None/some/not all of the shops are open.” 為例，辨析這三個句型的用法。

文字稿

（關於臺詞的備註: 請註意這不是廣播節目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒有體現錄制、編輯過程中對節目做出的改變。）

Jiaying
大傢好，歡迎收聽 AYYBLOG英語教學制作的 “你問我答” 節目。 I’m Jiaying.

Phil
And I’m Phil. We’ve got a question from one of our listeners.

Question
你好，我想問一下 “all of them are not…” 和 “some of them are not…” 以及 “none of them are…” 三者之間否定范圍的區別，尤其是 “all of them are not…”，有人告訴我這個結構是部分否定，但有人說是全部否定，這令我很困惑。

Jiaying
根據句子中主語的單復數形式和句子的時態，這三個句型中的系動詞 “be” 會相應地發生改變。為瞭便於大傢的理解，我們在下面的講解中均使用 “are”。

先來看最簡單直觀、最容易理解的一個，就是 “none of them are…”。

Phil
Yes, let’s start there. ‘None of them are…’ is probably the easiest. If we say that ‘none of the shops are open’, it means that ‘zero shops are open’. They’re all shut.

Jiaying
“None of the shops are open.” 的意思是 “沒有一傢商店開門”，也就是 “開門的商店數量為零”。“None of them are…” 表示 “沒有一個是…，全不是…”。再聽兩個使用瞭這個句型的例句。

Examples
None of these cars are cheap. They’re all luxury models.
（這些汽車都不便宜。它們全是豪華車型。）

We’re fully booked. None of our rooms are available.
（我們這裡滿房。一間空房也沒有瞭。）

Jiaying
接下來說一說另一個相對較容易理解的句型：“some of them are not…”。它的意思是 “不全是…，有一些不是…”。

Phil
This one is fairly clear – what it means is that some are, and some aren’t. We need something to refer to, so let’s use our shops example from earlier. If you say ‘some of the shops are not open’, then you mean that there are shops that are not open and there are shops that are open.

Jiaying
是的，讓我們用前面舉的商店有沒有開門的例子來進一步解釋這個句型。“Some of the shops are not open.” 的意思是 “有一些商店沒有開門”，也就是 “有一些商店沒開門，但有一些開門瞭”。聽兩個例句。

Examples
Be careful when you solve these maths problems! Some of them are not as easy as they seem.
（你做這些數學題時要多註意！有些題並不像看上去那麼簡單。）

Some of the items are not available online. You’ll have to visit our shops.
（有些商品不在網上銷售。您需要去我們的實體店購買。）

Jiaying
下面看一看問題中最容易讓人感到困惑的句型：“all of them are not…”。

Phil
This one is complicated – because it’s not always clear whether ‘all of them are not…’ means ‘none of them are…’ or ‘some of them are not…’. But it sounds unnatural and isn’t something that we often say, and it’s probably best just to avoid it.

Jiaying
是的，“all of them are not…” 這個句型究竟是全部否定，表示 “全不是…”，還是部分否定，表示 “並非全是…”，在沒有上下文的情況下，意思並不清晰明瞭，因此容易產生歧義。由於這個句型聽上去並不自然，而且也不常用，所以建議大傢避免使用它。

Phil
However, what we can do is move the word ‘not’ in front of ‘all’ and say ‘not all of the shops are open’, then you mean that some shops are open and some are closed.

Jiaying
“Not all of the shops are open” 的意思是 “並不是所有的商店都開門瞭。有一些開瞭，有一些沒有開”。這裡用到瞭 “not all of them are…” 的句型，它的意思是 “不全是…”。來聽兩個例句。

Examples
Not all of the cakes are baked yet, but there are some you can try.
（不是所有的蛋糕都烤好瞭，但有些烤好的你可以嘗嘗。）

Not all of the work is finished, but there is some that you can look at.
（並不是所有的工作都完成瞭，但有些已經做完的工作可以供你批閱。）

Phil
So, hopefully, we’ve answered your question. If you have a question about the English language you’d like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.

Jiaying
你也可以通過微博向我們提問。我們的微博賬號是 “AYYBLOG英語教學”。Bye, everyone.

Phil
Bye.