內容簡介
一位聽眾來信詢問賓語從句的用法。要想掌握這個句型的用法,首先要明白什麼是 “direct object(直接賓語)” 和 “indirect object(間接賓語)” ,因為賓語從句通常在句子中充當直接賓語,當然,也有充當間接賓語的賓語從句。本期節目介紹常見的三種賓語從句類型。
文字稿
(關於臺詞的備註: 請註意這不是廣播節目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒有體現錄制、編輯過程中對節目做出的改變。)
Jiaying
大傢好,歡迎收聽 AYYBLOG英語教學的 “你問我答” 節目。I’m Jiaying.
Phil
And I’m Phil. We’ve got a question from one of our listeners:
Question
你好,可以幫我介紹一下賓語從句嗎?
Jiaying
好的。在我們開始介紹英語中幾種常見的賓語從句的用法之前,先來鞏固一下什麼是直接賓語和間接賓語。
Phil
So, transitive verbs in English take objects. The direct object is what receives or has the action done to it, and an indirect object is often who or what it is done for. So, if I say, “My father bought me a car”, the car is the direct object, and I am the indirect object.
Jiaying
英語中的及物動詞後面跟賓語。有些句子中會出現雙賓語。其中,直接賓語是謂語動詞的承受者,而間接賓語是受謂語動詞和直接賓語影響的人或物。
比如:“My father bought me a car.(我爸爸給我買瞭一輛車。)” 這個句子中出現瞭雙賓語,名詞 “car” 是直接賓語,人稱代詞賓格 “me” 是間接賓語。像這樣,當賓語是名詞的時候,句子的結構還是相對容易理解的。
但我們也可以用一個完整的從句來作句子中謂語動詞的賓語,即賓語從句,這就要分情況來講瞭。賓語從句通常在句子中充當直接賓語,當然,也有充當間接賓語的賓語從句。
Phil
Yes, so we can use ‘that’ clauses as the direct object of a verb. We often use these clauses with verbs of perception, like ‘see’, ‘smell’, ‘hear’, or verbs of thought, like ‘think’, ‘know’, ‘believe’.
Jiaying
第一類要介紹的賓語從句是由連接詞 “that” 引導的賓語從句。在這類句子中,“that” 從句作謂語動詞的直接賓語使用。這類賓語從句的謂語動詞通常為感官動詞,比如 “see”、“smell”、“hear” 或思維類動詞,比如 “think”、“know”、“believe”。來聽三個例句。
Examples
I can see that you are enjoying that meal!
(我看得出來那頓飯你吃得很香!)
I think that this exam will be difficult.
(我認為這次考試會很難。)
I know that you hate working late.
(我知道你討厭工作到很晚。)
Jiaying
在上面的三個例句中,連接詞 “that” 引導的賓語從句都作謂語動詞後的賓語使用,在這種情況下,我們可以省略 “that”。再來聽一遍這三個例句,註意,每個例句中都省略瞭連接詞 “that”。
Examples
I can see you are enjoying that meal!
(我看得出來那頓飯你吃得很香!)
I think this exam will be difficult.
(我認為這次考試會很難。)
I know you hate working late.
(我知道你討厭工作到很晚。)
Jiaying
我們再來介紹一類在句子中作賓語的從句,那就是 “defining relative clauses(限定性關系從句)”。
Phil
Defining relative clauses use a relative pronoun like ‘what’, ‘that’, ‘which’, ‘why’ and ‘how’, to identify something. They can be both direct and indirect objects.
Jiaying
是的,限定性關系從句由關系代詞 “relative pronouns” 引導,比如 “what”、“that”、“which”、“why”、“how”。這些關系代詞起到瞭修飾先行詞的作用。在下面的三個例句中,先行詞和關系從句共同構成瞭句子的直接或間接賓語成分,請聽例句。
Examples
Could you give me the tool that you were using?
(你能給我你剛才在用的那個工具嗎?)
Do you know the place where we’re meeting?
(你知道我們見面的地方在哪裡嗎?)
We gave an award to the person who made the most progress.
(我們給進步最大的人發瞭一個獎。)
Phil
In the examples above, the objects include the things being defined and the relative clauses, but sometimes we only need the relative clause itself.
Jiaying
是的,還有一些比較特殊的關系從句,句子中不含先行詞。關系從句可以單獨作句子的賓語。聽兩個例句。
Examples
Fran is who you need to speak to.
(你需要找的人是弗蘭。)
Your keys are where you left them.
(你的鑰匙還在你之前放的地方。)
Jiaying
在上面這兩個例句中,以 “who” 和 “where” 引導的關系從句前都沒有先行詞。
Phil
True. The full sentences would be ‘Fran is the person who you need to speak to.’ and ‘Your keys are in the place where you left them.’
Jiaying
好瞭,上面我們介紹瞭三類常見的賓語從句。希望我們的講解幫助大傢更好地理解瞭從句在句子中充當賓語時的用法。
Phil
Remember that if you have a question you’d like us to answer, you can email us too at: questions. Bye!
Jiaying
Bye-bye!
免費試聽
填表領取25分鐘真人外師課+英文程度分析