內容簡介
一位聽眾來信詢問 “people”、“humans”、“men” 和 “individuals” 這些詞在表達 “人們” 時有哪些不同。雖然這些詞都可以表達 “人們”,但它們所適用的語境卻有所不同,其中有些單詞的單復數形式還可能用來表達不同的含義。聽節目,主持人 Phil 和步理教你如何準確使用這些名詞。
文字稿
(關於臺詞的備註: 請註意這不是廣播節目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒有體現錄制、編輯過程中對節目做出的改變。)
Buli
大傢好,歡迎收聽 AYYBLOG 英語教學的 “你問我答” 節目。 I’m Buli.
Phil
And I’m Phil. We have a question from one of our listeners.
Question
Hi, please explain the difference of ‘people’, ‘the people’, ‘persons’, ‘humans’, ‘men’ and ‘individuals’. Thanks.
Buli
這位聽眾提到瞭許多和 “人” 這個概念有關的名詞,並且想知道它們之間如何區分。
Phil
This is an interesting question, because there are a couple of words that can work in unexpected ways here. But let’s start with the expected ones, like how we use ‘people’ and ‘person’.
Buli
在英語中,我們通常使用 “a person” 來表示 “一個人”,而使用 “people(人們)” 作為 “person” 的復數形式使用。當我們想指代 “一群都是男性的人” 時,我們才可以用 “man” 的復數形式 “men”。來聽一組例句。
Examples
There are five people in this picture. The person on the right is actually me when I was younger. One of the men on the left is my father.
(這張照片裡有五個人。右邊的是年輕的我。左邊人當中有一位是我的父親。)
The class was cancelled because there were not enough people. Only one person was there.
(因為人數不夠,所以課取消瞭。隻有一個人去聽課瞭。)
Phil
If we are talking in general, we can use ‘people’ to mean humans.
Buli
是的,雖然 “human” 的意思是 “人,人類”,我們通常不使用 “humans” 來表示 “一群人”。“Humans” 這個詞通常隻用於表達 “人類” 這個物種,特別是當我們討論人類作為物種的特點或者和其他物種之間的比較和關系時。來聽兩個例句。
Examples
People really love our products – we’re selling so much!
(大傢真的很喜歡我們的產品。我們產品的銷量特別高!)
Humans usually stop getting taller when they are about 18 years old.
(人類的身高通常在18歲左右就停止增長瞭。)
Phil
That’s simple enough, but what can confuse people is that we sometimes see ‘persons’ as a plural. Why does this happen? Well, it was more commonly used in the past, but now it’s only really used in formal contexts.
Buli
沒錯。“Persons” 雖然也可以作為 “person” 的復數使用,但這種用法如今已經不常見瞭。我們除瞭依然會在一些年代比較早的英語材料中見到這種用法,還可能會在某些技術文件或法律用語中見到它。比如接下來的例子。
Examples
Do not attempt to carry more than seven persons in this car.
(不要嘗試使用這輛汽車運載超過七人。)
The persons named below are responsible for carrying out this contract.
(下述人員負責執行本合同。)
Buli
通過上面的例句我們可以註意到,“persons” 這個詞可以用於描述 “不特定的某些人”,這些人不屬於某個特定的集體或具有密切的聯系。現在當人們想要表達這種意思時,常常會使用名詞 “individual(個人,個體)” 或者它的復數形式 “individuals”。來聽兩個例句。
Examples
In this team, we respect every individual’s contribution.
(在這個團隊中,我們尊重每一個人的貢獻。)
We won’t know what caused the accident until we speak to the individuals concerned.
(在我們和相關人員溝通之前,我們無法知道造成這次事故的原因。)
Phil
OK, getting back to words acting in unexpected ways – we often use ‘the people’ to talk about the general population of a country. In a similar way, we can use ‘people’ as a countable noun to talk about national groups. In these examples, the word ‘people’ is used as a collective noun.
Buli
是的。“People” 還可以作為集合名詞使用,意思是 “某個國傢或民族的人”。這時,“people” 是一個可數名詞。來聽兩個例句。
Examples
The Amazon is home to many different peoples.
(亞馬遜地區是許多不同民族的傢園。)
Historians study different peoples from around the world through time.
(歷史學傢研究人類歷史上各個時期世界各地的民族。)
Phil
So, most of the time we use ‘person’ and ‘people’, but ‘persons’ can be ‘individuals’, and sometimes we want to talk about different ‘peoples’ – but the meaning is different. And all of these words talk about ‘humans’, but we don’t usually need to call them that.
Buli
That’s a nice summary! 總的來說,英語中常用單數 “person(人)” 和 “people(人們)”
來指代 “人”,用 “persons” 或 “individuals” 來表達 “不特定的、沒有特殊聯系的某些人”。“People” 還可以作集合名詞,意思是 “某個國傢或民族的人”,這時它具有復數形
式 “peoples”。
Phil
We hope that we’ve answered your question. If you have a question that you’d like us to answer, you can email us too at questions.
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