內容簡介
一位聽眾最近苦惱於自己的英語口語表達過於正式,聽起來像是在念稿子。比如,“我要去參加一場英語會話課”,比起英語母語者說的 “I’m going to an English event with my classmates.” 這位聽眾認為自己說的 “I am going to participate in an English communication activity with my classmates.” 就不夠簡潔。那麼,怎麼讓我們的口語表達更加輕松自然?聽節目,跟主持人 Beth 和步理學習讓口語聽起來更加自然的方法。
文字稿
(關於臺詞的備註: 請註意這不是廣播節目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒有體現錄制、編輯過程中對節目做出的改變。)
Beth
Hello and welcome to Question and Answer of the Week. I’m Beth.
Buli
And I’m Buli. 本期節目中我們要來回答下面這個問題。
Question
我最近覺得自己的英語總使用太正式或書面化的表達,聽起來像在背書,比如想說 “我要和同學參加一個英語交流活動”,我會說 “I am going to participate in an English communication activity with my classmates.” 但我發現母語者可能會說 “I’m going to an English event with my classmates.” 能否提供一些英語中簡化、自然表達的建議?
Beth
I like this question! We have lots of advice and examples for you, don’t we Buli?
Buli
We do indeed! We’re going to start by listening to someone talking about a conversation class. 這個問題非常有意思,我們也準備瞭一些實際生活中的例子來和大傢分享。首先我們來聽一段某人對一節課程的描述。大傢可以邊聽邊思考一個問題:你認為這段話聽起來更嚴肅還是更活潑呢?
Insert
Are you participating in the conversation class later? If you require any help with speaking, the teacher is really friendly. Observe the timetable, and see if you’re free. In addition, you don’t have to pay! Notwithstanding, I’ll be there. It commences at 3pm.
(你稍後會參加會話課程嗎?如果你需要任何口語方面的幫助,這位老師都非常樂意幫忙。仔細瀏覽一下時間表看看你是否有時間。再者,你不需要支付任何費用!總之,我也會參加。這堂課下午三點開始。)
Beth
OK. That was formal. Let’s listen to the equivalent with everyday English now.
Insert
Are you going to the conversation class later? If you need any help with speaking, the teacher’s really friendly. Look at the timetable, and see if you’re free. Also, you don’t have to pay! Anyway, I’ll be there. It starts at 3.
(你稍後會去上會話課嗎?如果你需要口語方面的幫助,這位老師非常樂意幫忙。看下時間表,看你是否有時間。還有,上這個課你不需要付錢!總之,我也會參加。這堂課三點開始。)
Buli
在上面的兩段話中,第一段比第二段聽上去更加嚴肅和正式。這是因為這兩段話使用的詞匯有所不同。讓我們先來看看其中動詞的區別。
Beth
English has a lot of verbs that have a formal and informal version. Sometimes these are phrasal verbs, but some are just simpler verbs that are more common in speaking than their written equivalents.
Buli
在第一段話中,我們可以註意到兩對意思相同、語氣上有所不同的動詞:表達 “參加,參與” 的 “participate” 和 “going to”,以及表達 “需要,需求” 的 “require” 和 “need”。讓我們再聽一遍。
Examples
Are you participating in the conversation class later?
(你稍後會參加會話課程嗎?)
Are you going to the conversation class later?
(你稍後會去上會話課嗎?)
If you require any help with speaking, the teacher is really friendly.
(如果你需要任何口語方面的幫助,這位老師都非常樂意幫忙。)
If you need any help with speaking, the teacher’s really friendly.
(如果你需要口語方面的幫助,這位老師非常樂意幫忙。)
Beth
And ‘observe’ is more formal than ‘look at’, and ‘commence’ or ‘initiate’ is more formal than ‘start’. Listen again.
Examples
Observe the timetable.
(仔細瀏覽一下時間表。)
Look at the timetable.
(看看時間表。)
It commences at 3pm.
(這堂課下午三點開始。)
It starts at 3.
(這堂課三點開始。)
Buli
通過替換一些意思相同但更口語化的動詞,我們說的英語聽起來就會更加自然。而且不僅僅是動詞,將其它類型的詞匯替換一下也有這樣的效果,對不對?
Beth
Yes. There were also some linkers used in these extracts. We heard ‘in addition’ and ‘notwithstanding’. Now these are both useful for writing, but they sound unnatural in speaking, even in formal settings like at work.
Buli
是的。連接詞 “notwithstanding” 和 “in addition” 就像中文中的 “縱使” 和 “再者”,常用於書面寫作中,但是在口語裡就顯得不太自然。就算是在正式場合中使用,比如辦公會議等等,聽上去也會有些生硬、不自然。
Beth
So, instead of ‘in addition’, we can say ‘also’, and instead of ‘notwithstanding’ we could say ‘anyway’. Listen again.
Examples
In addition, you don’t have to pay!
(再者,你還不需要付錢!)
Also, you don’t have to pay!
(並且你還不需要付錢!)
Notwithstanding, I’ll be there.
(總之,我也會參加。)
Anyway, I’ll be there.
(總之,我也會參加。)
Buli
除瞭替換動詞和連接詞之外,還有其它能讓你的英語說得更自然的方法,比如,適當地運用字母縮寫和單詞簡寫。
Beth
Yes. Earlier we heard ‘3pm’ shortened to ‘3’. And we can shorten ‘as soon as possible’ to ‘ASAP’ or ‘asap’, ‘television’ to ‘TV’, and ‘photograph’ to ‘photo’. Listen to these examples.
Examples
I hope you can come. Let me know ASAP!
(我希望你能來。請盡快告訴我!)
Let’s put the TV on.
(咱們把電視打開吧。)
Buli
讓我們總結一下本期節目的主要內容。我們在日常口語交流中,可以將書面化的動詞替換成含義相同但語氣更生活化的詞匯,比如把 “(瀏覽)observe” 改為 “(看)look at”,把 “(著手做)commence” 改為 “(開始做)start”。在使用連接詞時也是一樣。比如,把書面化的 “(再者)in addition” 替換為口語化的 “(而且)also”。最後,適當運用單詞簡寫和字母縮寫也是讓英語聽起來更地道的方式之一。
Beth
Remember, if you have a question about the English language you’d like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.
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