近來，網絡安全對於個人和企業來說都是一個不可忽視的問題。每個建立瞭網絡連接的用戶都面臨著一個真實存在的危險 — 被黑客攻擊，比如受到數字病毒的感染或某種形式的數據盜竊。然而說來也怪，在大多數情況下，威脅網絡安全的始作俑者並不是計算機本身，而是使用互聯網的用戶，因為人們總在犯一些看似微不足道，卻常常很關鍵的錯誤。本集《隨身英語》介紹三個引起人們加強網絡安全意識的相關小貼士。
Vocabulary: cyber security and technology 詞匯：網絡安全和科技
It’s a dangerous world out there in cyberspace. Hackers, viruses, and malware, among others, all exist and are very real threats. A 2017 UK government cyber-security breaches survey showed that in the preceding 12 months, just under half of the companies asked had identified an attack or breach. That could have been disastrous.
The problem is not the computers, firewalls or encryption – it’s us. People are bad at following good cyber-security protocol – such as using an effective password. We’re also pretty dumb when it comes to clicking on links and downloading content we shouldn’t, Ian Pratt, co-founder of cyber-security firm Bromium told the AYYBLOG. With that in mind, here are three tips to keep you ‘cyber-safe’.
Passwords are a weakness. The ideal password should be at least eight characters long, and contain upper and lower case letters, symbols and numbers. And don’t use a common word such as ‘password’. “This makes you vulnerable to a scrape attack. This is where hackers take the most common passwords and try them on millions of accounts,” Thomas Pedersen from OneLogin, an identity and access management company, told the AYYBLOG.
Keep your equipment up-to-date by installing the latest security updates for your computer – obviously. Less obvious perhaps, is doing so for other technology also connected to the internet – such as your router. A recent study carried out by the American Consumer Institute Centre for Citizen Research found that “five out of six routers are inadequately updated for known security flaws.” These require software updates, too. And don’t forget your other smart devices, such as your smart TV!
Finally, consider enabling multi-factor authentication for your accounts. That’s where a mobile phone or dongle is used to verify access to a device. If your password becomes compromised, no access can be obtained without your second authentication device… so don’t lose your phone! In the future, biometrics such as voice and fingerprint may make this easier.
The internet is wonderful, but security threats do exist. Fortunately, with a little common sense and forethought, you can be secure from the majority of cyber-security threats.
詞匯表
cyberspace 網絡空間
hacker 黑客
virus 計算機病毒
malware 惡意軟件
cyber-security 網絡安全的（其名詞搭配為 “cyber security”）
breach 破壞、違規
firewall 防火墻
encryption 數據加密
protocol 協議、協定
character 字符（如數字、字母、標點等）
vulnerable 易受攻擊的
scrape attack 撒網式密碼盜竊
up-to-date 最新的
update 更新，升級
router 路由器
flaw 漏洞
multi-factor authentication 多重身份認證
dongle 軟件保護器
compromised 被攻破的
biometrics 生物特征識別技術（其形容詞為 “biometric 生物特征測定的”）
測驗與練習
1. 閱讀課文並回答問題。
1. True or False: There are things we can do to better maintain our cyber security.
2. Apart from using bad passwords, what are people also susceptible to?
3. Which devices can people overlook when updating security software?
4. What is the advantage of multi-factor authentication?
5. Which word used in the article means ‘not done to a good enough standard’?
2. 請在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習。選擇一個意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處。
1. In the event of a fire, please follow safety ______ and evacuate quickly but safely.
breaches updates dongles protocols
2. The unknown man managed to ______ stage security and attack the pop star mid-concert.
breach scrape hack flaw
3. The majority of emails these days are secured with end-to-end ______.
malware firewalls encryption passwords
4. Soon, all transactions could be ______. You’ll be able to pay for your shopping with your face!
compromised biometric vulnerable up-to-date
5. I think there’s a small ______ in your plan. We don’t have any money to go to the cinema!
flaw attack virus character
答案
1. 閱讀課文並回答問題。
1. True or False: There are things we can do to better maintain our cyber security.
True. This article offers three simple ideas, but there are many more.
2. Apart from using bad passwords, what are people also susceptible to?
People are susceptible to clicking links and downloading content that they shouldn’t.
3. Which devices can people overlook when updating security software?
They forget to update other devices that are connected to the internet, such as routers and smart TVs.
4. What is the advantage of multi-factor authentication?
If your password ever becomes compromised, no access can be obtained without your second authentication device.
5. Which word used in the article means ‘not done to a good enough standard’?
Inadequately (Five out of six routers are inadequately updated for known security flaws.)
2. 請在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習。選擇一個意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處。
1. In the event of a fire, please follow safety protocols and evacuate quickly but safely.
2. The unknown man managed to breach stage security and attack the pop star mid-concert.
3. The majority of emails these days are secured with end-to-end encryption.
4. Soon, all transactions could be biometric. You’ll be able to pay for your shopping with your face.
5. I think there’s a small flaw in your plan. We don’t have any money to go to the cinema!
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