內容簡介
單詞前綴 “in-” 通常用於構成一個詞的反義詞。比如 “secure(安全的)” 和 “insecure(沒有保障的,不安全的)”。不過,單詞 “valuable” 和 “invaluable” 卻不是一對反義詞,並且它們的意思十分相近,都可以形容某物 “具有很高的價值”。那麼這兩個詞究竟有什麼不同呢?聽節目,跟主持人 Beth 和步理辨析這對近義詞。
文字稿
(關於臺詞的備註: 請註意這不是廣播節目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒有體現錄制、編輯過程中對節目做出的改變。)
Beth
Hello and welcome to Question and Answer of the Week. I’m Beth.
Buli
And I’m Buli. We’re answering this question.
Question
我最近看到,“invaluable” 的意思居然不是 “沒有價值”,而是 “極其寶貴”,那它和 “valuable” 有什麼區別啊?通常 “in-” 不是作為反義前綴嗎?
Beth
Great question. This can definitely be confusing! You’re right that the prefix ‘in-‘ often shows an opposite or negative. For example, it’s used in words like ‘incomplete’ – not complete, ‘incorrect’ – not correct and ‘inactive’ – not active.
Buli
是的。不過,雖然前綴 “in-” 通常用來組成一個單詞的反義詞,但 “valuable” 和 “invaluable” 卻並不是一對反義詞。
Beth
‘Valuable’ can be an adjective which describes an object that is worth a lot of money. This is literal. You might own something that is valuable, like a piece of jewellery or a car. Listen to these examples.
Examples
This piece of art is extremely valuable and very rare. It will sell for a very high price.
(這件藝術品價值極高並且十分稀有。它一定能賣出高價。)
This ring is valuable. I saved up for six months before I could afford it.
(這個戒指很貴重。我攢瞭六個月的錢才買得起它。)
Buli
除瞭表示 “某物的價錢很高” 以外,“valuable” 還可以用來形容一件東西 “十分寶貴,具有很高的價值”。比如,“a valuable piece of information(一份寶貴的信息)”。這並不意味著這件信息真的能賣出很高的價錢,而通常是指 “這份信息至關重要”。來聽一組例句。
Examples
My brother told me a lot of valuable information about the company before my interview, and it really helped.
(我兄弟在我面試前告訴瞭我許多關於這傢公司的重要信息,這些信息真的很有幫助。)
Our teacher gave us valuable advice before the exam, especially about how to manage our time.
(我們老師在考試前給瞭我們一些寶貴的建議,特別是對於如何規劃考試的時間。)
Beth
Now ‘valuables’ with an ‘s’ is a noun, and they are something worth a lot to you personally, whether those things are worth a lot of money or not.
Buli
是的。“Valuables” 還是一個名詞,意思是 “對一個人來說十分貴重的個人物品”,比如旅行時攜帶的錢包、手機,或者具有紀念意義的裝飾品或照片等等。
Beth
Now let’s look at ‘invaluable’. We use this to express that something is worth so much that you can’t put a price on it – it has value beyond money.
Buli
That’s right. 和 “valuable” 不同,“invaluable” 的意思是 “十分珍貴的,無價的”,通常形容的是那些 “價值超越瞭金錢本身,無法用錢買到的東西”。比如,我的小外甥給我畫瞭一幅畫,雖然這幅畫本身十分簡單,不具有通常意義上的藝術價值,但對於我來說是非常寶貴、無可替代的東西。所以,我可以說這是一幅 “invaluable painting”。
Beth
We can also call something that can’t be priced or replaced ‘invaluable’. So, for example, ancient artefacts that are discovered can’t be replaced by anything – they are invaluable. You can’t put a price on them. Let’s hear some related examples.
Examples
The work experience I did at 16 was invaluable. It taught me so much about the world of work.
(我 16 歲時獲得的工作經歷太寶貴瞭。它教給瞭我許多關於職場的心得。)
Spending time with my grandmother is invaluable. She’s 90 now, and she’s had such an interesting life.
(陪伴奶奶的時間對我來說是無價的。奶奶已經 90 歲瞭,她的人生十分有趣。)
Buli
總的來說,“valuable” 的字面意思是 “值錢的”,我們也可以用它來形容 “具有重要價值的東西”,比如他人提供的信息或忠告。除此之外,“valuables” 也可以作名詞,意思是 “對一個人來說十分貴重的個人物品”。而 “invaluable” 雖然也有 “十分珍貴的” 這個含義,但它通常強調的是 “一件東西的價值超越瞭金錢本身,對某人十分重要或者無法替代,是一件無價之寶”。
Beth
Remember, if you have a question about the English language you’d like to ask us, you can send us an email to: questions.
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