內容簡介
一位微博網友想知道時間狀語從句的時態遵循哪些規律。時間狀語從句一般由 “while”、 “when” 和 “as” 等從屬連詞引導,與主句組成句子的整體。在這類句子中,主句和從句常對應哪些時態?不同的時態結構可以分別用來描述哪種情況?本期節目介紹引導時間狀語從句的常見從屬連詞以及句子的時態。
文字稿
(關於臺詞的備註: 請註意這不是廣播節目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒有體現錄制、編輯過程中對節目做出的改變。)
Beth
Hello and welcome to Question and Answer of the Week. I’m Beth.
Jiaying
And I’m Jiaying. 本期節目中要回答的問題來自一位微博網友,問題由我來代讀。
Question
我想問一下,時間狀語從句的時態是怎麼樣的一種規律?
Beth
Thank you for sending us your question! An adverbial clause of time is a subordinate clause, such as ‘while I was walking’, and must be in the same sentence as a main clause, ‘my phone rang’. Adverbial clauses are introduced by a subordinating conjunction, like ‘while’ and they tell us when something happened.
Jiaying
是的。在 “While I was walking, my phone rang.” 這句話中,時間狀語從句 “while I was walking” 與主句 “my phone rang” 構成句子的整體。
時間狀語從句由像 “while” 這樣的從屬連詞引導,用來說明事情發生的時間。接下來,我們就重點講解三個常見的從屬連詞:“while”、“when” 和 “as”,以及它們一般用於哪些時態的句子中。
Beth
‘While’, ‘when’ and ‘as’ can all be used when talking about actions or situations that happen at the same time.
Jiaying
這三個從屬連詞的意思都是 “在…的時候,與…同時”,而且都可以用來引出一件事情發生的時間段或背景情況。請聽一段對話,在對話的答句中分別使用瞭 “while”、“when” 和 “as”。
Examples
Did you answer the phone?
(你接電話瞭嗎?)
No. He called me while I was leading a meeting.
No. He called me when I was leading a meeting.
No. He called me as I was leading a meeting.
(我沒接。他在我主持會議時打電話給我。)
Jiaying
在對話的答句中,描述事情發生的時間段或背景情況的從句是過去進行時,也就是 “I was leading a meeting”,主句中描述的動作 “he called me” 是一般過去時,說明 “他給我打電話” 這個動作是在說話人主持會議的時間段內發生的。
Beth
‘While’, ‘when’ and ‘as’ must always be at the beginning of the adverbial clause, but this can go at the beginning or middle of a sentence.
Jiaying
沒錯,從屬連詞必須位於從句的句首。在上面對話的答句中,從句在主句後,因此從屬連詞位於整句話的中間。“主前從後” 的順序常見於英語口語交流中。
Beth
In writing, having them at the beginning or the middle of a sentence is common.
Jiaying
在書面語中, “主前從後” 和 “從前主後” 的情況則都很常見。聽三個例句,時間狀語從句的從屬連詞都位於整句話的句首。
Examples
While I was leading a meeting, he called me.
When I was leading a meeting, he called me.
As I was leading a meeting, he called me.
(在我主持會議時他打電話給我。)
Beth
Let’s look at some other examples of the past continuous and past simple. Here’s one.
Example
As I was driving past the school, I noticed a queue of people outside a shop.
(當我開車經過學校時,註意到瞭一傢商店外面排著長隊。)
Jiaying
在這句話中,“我” 正在開車經過學校,也就是 “I was driving past the school”,“driving” 是一個延續性動作,從句的時態是過去進行時。這句話的意思是 “我在開車的過程中,註意到瞭商店外面的長隊(…noticed a queue of people outside a shop)”,“noticed” 是非延續性動詞,主句為一般過去時。再來聽一個例句。
Example
The doorbell rang when we were eating dessert.
(當我們正在吃甜點的時候門鈴響瞭。)
Beth
So, they were eating dessert, ‘the longer action’, and were interrupted by the shorter action, ‘the doorbell rang’.
Jiaying
在這句話中,“eating dessert(吃甜點)” 是一個持續時間較長的延續性動作,這個動作被持續時間較短的動作 “rang(門鈴響瞭)” 所打斷。
Beth
Now, let’s look at some other tenses we can use.
Jiaying
除瞭上面介紹的時間狀語從句的時態以外,從屬連詞 “while” 和 “as” 還可以引導一般現在時或一般過去時的從句。
Beth
This is especially true when the main verb refers to a continuous action or state, such as ‘sit’, ‘lie’ or ‘wait’.
Jiaying
沒錯,當主句中的謂語動詞是 “sit”、“lie”、“wait” 這樣的持續性動詞時,從句時態通常是一般現在時或一般過去時。聽兩個例句。
Examples
While we wait for the rain to stop, the children can play inside.
(我們在等雨停時,孩子們可以在裡面玩。)
As I sat in the garden, a bee landed on my finger.
(當時我坐在花園裡,一隻蜜蜂落在瞭我的手指上。)
Jiaying
還有一種情況:從屬連詞 “while” 和 “as” 引導的從句及其主句都是過去進行時。
Beth
This means that two actions were happening at the same time in the past and have finished now. It’s often used when telling a story.
Jiaying
這種結構通常意味著兩個動作在過去的某個時間點同時發生,而且動作均已結束,通常用於向他人敘述一件過去發生的事情。聽兩個例句。
Examples
As I was walking towards him, he was walking towards me.
(我向他走去時,他也向我走來。)
While the adults were chatting, the children were running around.
(大人們聊天時,孩子們跑來跑去。)
Beth
It’s also possible to use two present perfect continuous clauses together, usually only with ‘while’.
Jiaying
我們一般隻用 “while” 引導這類從句,也就是時間狀語從句及其主句都是現在完成進行時的結構,這個結構用來談論最近同時發生過的兩個延續性的動作,在口語中比在書面語中更常見。來聽兩個例句。
Examples
While I’ve been working hard, you’ve been drinking coffee!
(在我努力工作的時候,你卻一直在喝咖啡!)
We’re exhausted. I’ve been painting all day while he’s been gardening.
(我們已經累得筋疲力盡瞭。我一整天都在畫畫,而他一整天都在修整花園。)
Beth
OK, Jiaying. Let’s summarise.
Jiaying
好的。在談論較長時間段內發生的持續時間較短的動作時,用從屬連詞 “while”、“when” 和 “as” 引導過去進行時的時間狀語從句。
從屬連詞 “while” 和 “as” 還可以引導一般現在時或一般過去時的從句。在強調兩個動作在過去的某個時間同時發生,而且動作均已結束的時候,這兩個從屬連詞所引導的從句及其主句也可以都是過去進行時。
最後,在談論最近同時發生過的兩個延續性的動作時,一般隻能用 “while” 來引導現在完成進行時的從句,主句同樣是現在完成進行時。
Beth
Remember, if you have a question about the English language you’d like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.
Jiaying
你也可以通過微博向我們提問。我們的微博賬號是 “AYYBLOG英語教學”。Bye, everyone.
Beth
Bye!
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