內容簡介
你知道什麼是 “主謂一致(subject-verb agreement)” 嗎?主語 “you and me(你和我)” 應該搭配 “am”、“is” 和 “are” 中的哪個動詞呢?本期 “你問我答” 節目舉例講解主謂一致在實際使用中的常見規則。
文字稿
(關於臺詞的備註: 請註意這不是廣播節目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒有體現錄制、編輯過程中對節目做出的改變。)
Beth
Hello and welcome to Question and Answer of the Week, with me, Beth.
Buli
And me, Buli. 本期的 “你問我答” 節目中,我們要回答下面這個問題:
Question
Hi, can you explain some common rules for subject-verb agreement by providing some examples? Thank you!
Buli
這位聽眾想知道英語語法中的 “subject-verb agreement(主謂一致)” 有哪些常見規則。
Beth
Subject-verb agreement in English means the number of the subject needs to match the verb. Some examples of singular verb forms are ‘is’, ‘has’ and ‘goes’, and some examples of plural verb forms are ‘are’, ‘have’ and ‘go’.
Buli
簡單來說,主謂一致指的是 “句子的主語和謂語需要在單復數的形式上保持一致”。但在實際使用中,我們有時候並不容易區分某些名詞作主語時的單復數形式。本期節目中我們就來講解當遇到 “abstract nouns(抽象名詞)” 等特殊名詞,以及其他常見特殊情況時應該如何實現主謂一致。首先,當主語是名詞的單數形式時,謂語動詞需要使用第三人稱單數。而當主語是名詞的復數形式時,謂語動詞需要使用復數形式。
Beth
If a subject is singular, just one, like ‘she’, or ‘cat’, the verb must be singular too. So, we say ‘she is’ not ‘she are’, or ‘the cat has’ not ‘the cat have’. But it can be more complicated than this, so we’re going to hear a short extract about maths, and then we’ll use it to look at subject-verb agreement.
Buli
接下來我們將聽到一段和數學相關的例句,來幫助我們理解主謂一致現象中較為復雜的情況。請註意例句中動詞 “be” 的不同形式。
Example
Maths is one of my favourite subjects at school, and I actually take part in maths competitions. Friendship is a big part of my school team, as well as competition. In fact, one of my best friends is the maths champion for my city. A judge and my teacher were talking and said she’s good enough to compete for the country, so my parents and I are hoping to go and watch her compete next year.
(數學是我在學校裡最喜歡的科目,而且我還會參加數學競賽。友誼和競技都是我的校隊的重要元素。其實,我一個最要好的朋友還是我們市裡的數學比賽冠軍。比賽的評委和我的老師在交流時說她足以代表國傢參賽瞭,所以我和我的父母希望明年能去看她比賽。)
Buli
上面的例句中出現瞭多種不同的名詞種類,我們來依次看看它們是如何判斷單復數以及實現主謂一致的。首先,我們可以註意到,以 “s” 結尾的單詞有時並不是復數,比如例句中的 “maths(數學)”。類似的單詞還有 “crisis(危機)” 和 “athletics(田徑運動)” 等等。
Example
Maths is one of my favourite subjects at school.
(數學是我在學校裡最喜歡的科目。)
Beth
So, the verb is in the singular form ‘is’, because ‘maths’ is a singular noun that just happens to end in ‘s’ in British English. Though, we should say that in American English, this subject is called ‘math’ without the ‘s’. But it still takes the singular form ‘is’ – ‘Math is great!’
Buli
接下來我們來看看 “abstract nouns(抽象名詞)”。抽象名詞是描述抽象概念的名詞。比如 “friendship(友情)”、“happiness(快樂)” 和 “justice(正義)” 等等。讓我們回顧一下例句。
Example
Friendship is a big part of my school team, as well as competition.
(友誼和競技都是我的校隊的重要元素。)
Beth
Abstract nouns are uncountable in English, so we use singular verbs. Here we had ‘friendship is’. Of course, other verbs also take singular forms, so we could say ‘friendship has’ or ‘friendship needs’.
Buli
是的。抽象名詞都是不可數名詞,所以在作主語時需要搭配動詞的第三人稱單數形式。除此之外,主語中包含 “one of” 的句子在搭配動詞時也容易混淆單復數。讓我們復習一下例句。
Example
One of my best friends is the maths champion for my city.
(我一個最要好的朋友是我們市裡的冠軍。)
Beth
That verb is singular. When we say ‘one of’ followed by a plural, like ‘best friends’, the verb is in the singular form. You can remember this by remembering that ‘one’ is singular.
Buli
在這個句子中,“be動詞” 使用瞭單數形式 “is”。這是因為雖然主語中 “one of my best friends” 包含瞭復數名詞 “friends”,但因為主語是以限定詞 “one of(其中一個)” 引導的,所以主語依然是單數。我們在判斷主謂一致時,需要註意限定詞的使用。來聽兩個例句。
Examples
Only one of the team members is male – the rest are female.
(隻有一名隊員是男性,剩下的都是女性。)
One of the questions was completely impossible! I definitely couldn’t answer it without a calculator.
(有一道題簡直太難瞭!沒有計算器的話我絕對答不出來。)
Buli
除瞭 “one of” 引導的主語,許多和 “one(一個)” 有關的代詞都是單數,比如 “anyone(任何人)”、“everyone(每個人)” 和 “no-one(沒有人)” 等等。這些詞都需要搭配 “is”、“has” 等第三人稱單數形式的謂語動詞。
Beth
When two singular nouns are linked with ‘and’, we use the plural form of the verb. Let’s listen to the previous example again.
Example
A judge and my teacher were talking and said she’s good enough to compete for the country.
(比賽的評委和我的老師在交談時說她足以代表國傢參賽瞭。)
Buli
從上面的例句可以看出,當兩個名詞被 “and(和)” 連接時,它們通常共同作主語,搭配動詞的復數形式。這不僅包括兩個單數名詞相連接,也包括單復數形式不同的名詞相連接的情況。
Beth
That’s right. When we have a singular noun plus a plural noun, we use the plural form of the verb again.
Example
My parents and I are hoping to go and watch her compete next year.
(我和我的父母希望明年能去看她參加國際比賽)
Buli
最後讓我們來復習一下吧。主謂一致指的是 “在英語中句子的主語和謂語需要在單復數形式上保持一致”。其中,抽象名詞作主語時,需要搭配謂語動詞的第三人稱單數形式。以 “one of” 引導的名詞主語,或者 “anyone(任何人)” 和 “everyone(每個人)” 等指 “一個人” 的人稱代詞,也需要搭配謂語動詞的第三人稱單數。而以 “and(和)” 相連接的兩個名詞共同作主語時,不論兩者的單復數形式,都需要搭配謂語動詞的復數形式。
Beth
Remember, if you have a question about the English language you’d like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.
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