內容簡介
標點符號 “punctuation” 是語言書寫中非常重要的部分,它可以幫助我們明確語句的意思和結構,減少或消除歧義。在本期 “你問我答” 節目中,主持人 Beth 和步理就將回答觀眾提出的關於如何正確使用逗號 “comma”、分號 “semicolon” 和冒號 “colon” 的問題。
文字稿
(關於臺詞的備註: 請註意這不是廣播節目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒有體現錄制、編輯過程中對節目做出的改變。)
Beth
Hello and welcome to Question and Answer of the Week. I’m Beth.
Buli
And I’m Buli. 本期的 “你問我答” 節目中,我和 Beth 要來回答下面這個問題。
Question
你好,請問英語中如何正確地使用逗號、分號和冒號等標點符號?
Beth
Good question! There are some basic rules when it comes to punctuation in English, though people do use it differently because sometimes there can be more than one correct option.
Buli
本期節目中我們就來通過一些例子為大傢講解逗號 “comma”、分號 “semicolon” 和冒號 “colon” 這三種標點符號的使用要點。
Beth
First, a comma can be used to separate clauses. A comma comes after a clause before another one is added. A clause is a group of words that have a subject and a verb.
Buli
首先我們來看看逗號。在並列句和復合句中,我們可以用逗號來分隔主句和不同的從句。就比如:“After hearing about the party, she bought a dress.(在聽說這個聚會之後,她買瞭一條連衣裙。)” 這個復合句采用瞭倒裝結構,包含一個狀語從句 “after hearing about the party” 和主句 “she bought a dress”,因此在主句前的停頓處需要有一個逗號。
Beth
Yes, the first clause is a subordinate clause, ‘After hearing about the party’, and it needs a main clause to make sense, ‘she bought a dress’. This main clause can function as a sentence on its own.
Buli
除此之外,在並列句中的每一個簡單句之間也可以用逗號進行分隔。在並列句中,逗號通常位於 “and”、“but”、“or”、“so” 或 “yet” 等並列連詞前。來聽一組例句,註意例句中逗號前後的句子關系。
Examples
He loves reading, and he even writes novels in his spare time.
(他酷愛讀書,他甚至在空閑時間自己寫小說。)
She forgot to set her alarm, so she overslept and was late for the meeting.
(她忘記定鬧鐘,結果她睡過瞭頭,開會也遲到瞭。)
Beth
A comma is also used when separating non-defining relative clauses. These are clauses with extra information that isn’t necessary for distinguishing the thing we are talking about.
Buli
是的。逗號的另外一種用法是在句子中分隔非限定性定語從句。非限定性定語從句是一種用於修飾主句中的名詞或代詞的從句。和限定性定語從句相比,非限定性定語從句在句子中並不是必要成分,被去掉之後句子的意思依然是完整的。比如說:“My sister, who lives in Denmark, is visiting for the weekend.(我住在丹麥的妹妹這周末要來看我。)” 這個句子中的 “who lives in Denmark” 就是修飾 “my sister” 的非限定性定語從句,因此需要在從句前後用逗號和主句隔開。來聽一組例句,註意非限定性定語從句和主句之間的逗號。
Examples
These phones, which are made in France, are very good quality.
(這些在法國生產的電話質量非常好。)
My friends introduced me to my husband, who I liked immediately!
(我和我丈夫是通過朋友介紹認識的,當時我一下子就喜歡上她瞭!)
Beth
We also follow some adverbs with a comma, especially when they come at the beginning of a sentence.
Buli
是的。我們也會在一些副詞後添加逗號,特別是位於句首起強調作用的副詞。來聽一組例句,註意句子中逗號的位置。
Examples
Basically, you only need to make one call. It’s not that hard.
(其實你隻需要打一個電話就行。這並不難。)
Amazingly, the shot missed every player on its way into the goal.
(驚人的是,這發射門避開瞭所有球員進瞭球門。)
Buli
接下來,我們來看看分號的使用方法。
Beth
Semicolons can be used when the writer thinks two clauses or sentences are so closely related that they can’t be separated by a full stop.
Buli
沒錯。分號通常用於連接兩個聯系非常緊密,有時不能用句號分成兩個整句的句子。需要註意的是,用分號分隔的句子間通常沒有 “and” 或 “or” 等連接詞,這是分號和逗號在分隔並列句時的不同點。
Beth
If you’re not sure when to use it in this way, replace the semicolon with ‘and’ or a full stop, and if it still makes sense, it’s OK to use it, as long as you believe the clauses are closely related in meaning. Listen to these examples.
Examples
The Sun set quickly; the city was bathed in moonlight.
(太陽很快落下瞭山;整座城市沐浴在月光下。)
We love musicals; SIX is our favourite.
(我們愛看音樂劇;“六個皇後”是我們最喜歡的音樂劇。)
Buli
通過上面的例子我們可以看出,分號的使用有時並沒有唯一的正確答案。我們需要在使用時具體考慮想要表達的意思和句子的節奏。最後,讓我們來看看冒號的用法。冒號通常用於引出一系列東西,特別是條目清晰的列表或者關鍵點等等。來聽一個例句,註意句子中冒號的位置。
Example
For the camping trip you need to bring: a tent, a sleeping bag, a packed lunch, walking boots and waterproof clothes.
(露營旅行你需要帶上這些東西:一頂帳篷、一個睡袋、一份打包好的午餐、徒步靴和防水衣物。)
Beth
We can also use colons to connect sentences where the end of a statement needs to introduce an explanation or quote.
Buli
冒號也通常用於在句尾引出引語或者說明,並且在新聞標題中非常常見。來聽一組例句,註意冒號的位置。
Examples
Our favourite rock band break up: Five years on
(我們最喜歡的搖滾樂團解散:五年過去)
The rules are clear: treat others with respect.
(規則很明確:人應尊重彼此。)
Buli
本期節目中我們學習瞭英語裡逗號、分號和冒號的具體用法。雖然能正確地使用標點符號是一項十分重要的寫作能力,但英語中標點符號的使用並不總是有唯一的正確答案。通過使用標點符號把意思表達清楚,避免讓讀者產生歧義是最重要的。
Beth
Remember, if you have a question about the English language you’d like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.
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