根據研究調查顯示，目前荷蘭男性和拉脫維亞女性的平均身高為世界第一。歐洲國傢普遍位於全球身高排行榜前列，但伊朗男性和韓國女性的身高在過去的100年間增長幅度最大。什麼能使我們長高，是基因還是環境？長得高就能長壽這個說法是真的嗎？本期《隨身英語》探討個子高的益處。
課文內容
詞匯: Height 詞匯: 身高
It seems that these days it’s the European nations who have the tallest men and women. Research carried out by over 800 scientists measuring height trends for different nationalities since 1914 has found that Dutch men and Latvian women now top the height charts. However, according to the study, it’s Iranian men and South Korean women who have shot up the most – they have gained on average more than 16cm and 20cm respectively.
In the UK, the rate of growth for men and women has been the same – 11 cm – with the average male now standing at 178cm and the average female at 164cm , both 5cm shorter than the average Dutchman and Latvian female.
Surprisingly, US men and women have sunk right down in the rankings. While in 1914, they were ranked third tallest for men and fourth tallest for women, nowadays they are down to 27th and 42nd,and today it’s Estonia who has the third tallest men and women. East Asia has seen the most gain in height – with people in China, Japan and South Korea much taller than they were 100 years ago. The survey found that the world’s smallest men are in East Timor, 160cm, and smallest women, 150cm, are from Guatemala, 20cm smaller than Latvian women.
According to the authors of the study, based at Imperial College in London, genetics are not the sole factor in determining height variation among different nations, as Majid Ezzati, lead scientist of the project explained: “Genes don’t change that fast and they don’t vary that much across the world. So changes over time and variations across the world are largely environmental.” Of critical importance were sanitation, healthcare and nutrition, he said, as well as the mother’s health and diet during pregnancy.
Other surprising findings, relating to how height impacts on people’s health and income, have been revealed. For example, tall people can expect enhanced longevity and they are less likely to suffer from heart disease. Tall people are also likely to earn more! According to research by Exeter University, a British man who is 7.5 cm shorter than his counterpart will earn £1,500 less!It might be time to invest in a pair of shoes with heels!
詞匯表
to measure 測量
trend 趨勢，趨向
to shoot up 迅速長高
respectively 分別地
growth 生長
to sink 降低
ranking 排名
gain 增長，提高
genetics 遺傳學
sole 唯一的，單獨的
to determine 決定
height variation 身高的變化
critical 關鍵性的
sanitation 衛生設備
healthcare 醫療保健
nutrition 營養
diet 日常飲食
enhanced 提高的，增加的
longevity 長壽
counterpart （與組織的人或物）相對應者
測驗與練習
1. 閱讀課文並回答問題。
1. True or false? The tallest women are from the Netherlands.
2. Which country has seen the greatest increase in men’s height over the last century?
3. Name two factors that influence how tall different nationalities are.
4. What health advantages are there in being tall according to the article?
5. According to UK research, how might your height affect your income?
2. 請你在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習。選擇一個意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處。
1. There is a growing __________ nowadays for teenagers to be taller than their parents.
habit trend custom routine
2. Gosh, Jamie, you’ve really __________ up since I last saw you. How tall are you now?
shootened grown shot got
3. Lily is tiny for her age. She’s the __________ girl in her class by far.
smallest most small smaller smalliest
4. It’s not easy to __________ the role of genetics in how tall people grow.
vary determine factor differ
5. The scientist leading the investigation consulted with __________ in the department on when to call a halt to the experiment.
companions counterparts colleagues controllers
答案
1. 閱讀課文並回答問題。
1. True or false? The tallest women are from the Netherlands.
False. The tallest women are from Latvia.
2. Which country has seen the greatest increase in men’s height over the last century?
Iran.
3. Name two factors that influence how tall different nationalities are.
(Any two from) genetics, sanitation, healthcare, nutrition
4. What health advantages are there in being tall according to the article?
Tall people tend to live longer and are less likely to have heart disease.
5. According to UK research, how might your height affect your income?
Taller people earn more than their shorter counterparts.
2. 請你在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習。選擇一個意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處。
1. There is a growing trend nowadays for teenagers to be taller than their parents.
2. Gosh, Jamie, you’ve really shot up since I last saw you. How tall are you now?
3. Lily is tiny for her age. She’s the smallest girl in her class by far.
4. It’s not easy to determine the role of genetics in how tall people grow.
5. The scientist leading the investigation consulted with colleagues in the department on when to call a halt to the experiment.
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