內容簡介
一位聽眾來信詢問三個表達 “猜測” 的單詞 “guess”、“speculate” 和 “surmise” 的區別。這三個詞在作動詞時都具有 “猜測,推測” 的意思,但語氣的正式程度有所不同。而 “speculate” 在作名詞時還應變為 “speculation”。聽節目,學習這三個詞在用法上的異同。
文字稿
(關於臺詞的備註: 請註意這不是廣播節目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒有體現錄制、編輯過程中對節目做出的改變。)
Buli
大傢好,歡迎收聽本期的 “你問我答” 節目。I’m Buli.
Phil
And I’m Phil. We have a question from one of our listeners.
Question
請問 “speculate”、“guess” 和 “surmise” 怎麼區別?
Phil
This is another question about words that are very close in meaning. All of these words are about how to deal with not having all the information to know something for certain.
Buli
是的。這個問題提到瞭三個和 “猜測” 這個行為有關的動詞:“speculate”、“guess” 和 “surmise”。首先,讓我們來看看其中最常見的 “guess”。“Guess” 可以用來表達 “猜測,推測” 這個意思,它既可以作動詞也可以作可數名詞。比如,我們可以說 “let me guess” 或者 “let me take a guess”,它們的意思都是 “讓我來猜一猜”。
Phil
So, if you make a guess about something – it’s usually when you actually say the thing you think, or hope is true. An ‘educated guess’ is when you have some information, and a ‘total, complete or absolute guess’ is when you have no information at all. Listen to these examples.
Examples
Is the correct answer a), b), or c)? I’m going to guess it’s b). But, I have no idea, so it’s a complete guess.
(正確的答案是 a、b 還是 c 呢?我猜是 b。但我一點思路也沒有,所以這純粹是個猜測而已。)
I don’t know how long the job is going to take, but I’m going to make an educated guess at around three hours.
(我不知道這項工作需要花多長時間,但我根據經驗猜測大約需要三小時。)
Buli
在上面的例句中出現瞭兩個包含名詞 “guess” 的常見表達。“A complete guess” 強調 “一個完全沒有根據或證據的猜測”;而 “an educated guess” 的意思是 “基於經驗或知識的、有所依據的猜測”。
Phil
‘Guess’ as a verb can also mean to say the correct answer without having had all the information beforehand. If someone says ‘you guessed it!’ they mean that you got it right.
Buli
是的。“Guess” 作動詞時不但可以表示 “猜測”,還可以表示 “猜對瞭正確答案”。來聽一組例句。
Examples
The biggest city in the world? You guessed it! It’s Tokyo.
(世界上最大的城市是哪個?你猜對瞭!是東京。)
They asked us who we thought would finish first, and I guessed it straightaway.
(他們問我們認為誰會第一個完成比賽,我一下就猜對瞭。)
Phil
The other way we can use ‘guess’ is informally to mean ‘think’ or ‘believe’. Listen to these examples.
Examples
I guess we should leave early tomorrow to beat the traffic.
(我想我們明天得早點出發才能避開堵車。)
The train is going to be quicker, I guess.
(我覺得坐火車應該會更快一些。)
Buli
接下來讓我們看看 “speculate”。和 “guess” 相比,“speculate” 的意思更接近 “推測”,強調 “在經過思考過程後對一件事情的答案進行猜測”。在日常生活中,這兩個詞常常可以互相替換使用。
Phil
Notice however that while ‘guess’ is both a verb and a noun, here we have two different forms – ‘speculate’ as the verb and ‘speculation’ as the noun. Also ‘speculate’ and ‘speculation’ can be a bit more formal than ‘guess’. Let’s hear some examples.
Examples
I’m just speculating, but I think your plan will be cheaper.
(我隻是猜測一下,但我覺得你的計劃會更省錢。)
We can speculate what colour dinosaurs were, but we’ll never know for certain.
(我們可以猜測恐龍是什麼顏色的,但我們永遠無法確定。)
Buli
和可數名詞 “guess” 不同的是,“speculation” 既可以用作可數名詞也可以用作不可數名詞。英語中更常用 “speculation” 作不可數名詞來表達 “缺少根據的猜測或推測”,特別是 “人群中大量或普遍存在的猜測”。來聽兩個例句。
Examples
Speculation was growing about which actor was going to be revealed as the star of the new film.
(關於哪位演員將成為這部電影的主角的猜測甚囂塵上。)
It’s just a speculation, but I think our next set of sales figures will break all records.
(這隻是我的一個猜測,但我認為我們的下一批銷售數據會打破所有的記錄。)
Buli
最後,我們來看看 “surmise”。這個單詞和 “guess” 一樣,既可以作名詞也可以作動詞,意思是 “推測,猜度”。不過和 “guess” 和 “speculate” 都不同的是,“surmise” 強調 “根據推測得出瞭結論”,而非推測這個動作本身。
Phil
Probably the most notable thing about ‘surmise’, when choosing which word to use, is that it is the most formal of these words. Let’s listen to how it can be used as a verb.
Examples
The detective surmised that the robbers would now be far away from the crime scene.
(偵探推測搶劫者現在應該已經遠離犯罪現場瞭。)
As I walked on to the platform, I surmised that I would be waiting for some time.
(當我走到站臺上的時候,我就推測我得等上一段時間瞭。)
Buli
在用作名詞時,“surmise” 通常僅用於書面或非常正式的場合。來聽一組例句。
Examples
The doctor’s conclusion was just a surmise, but it felt plausible.
(醫生的結論隻是一個推測而已,但是聽起來很有道理。)
Our surmise is that this year will be incredibly productive.
(我們的推測是今年將是卓有成效的一年。)
Buli
總的來說,“guess”、“speculate” 和 “surmise” 都可以作動詞表示 “猜測,推測” 的意思,但它們強調的重點和正式程度有所不同。而名詞 “guess”、“speculation” 和 “surmise” 的用法之間則有著較大的差別,在使用時需要斟酌。
免費試聽
填表領取25分鐘真人外師課+英文程度分析